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A. Conservation Management
Forest conservation, management and environment monitoring activities include (1) erosion measurement, (2) water quality monitoring, (3) river level monitoring, (4) wildlife inventory, (5) vegetation analysis, (6) soil chemistry analysis and (7) local community education on conservation.
These activities are carried out continuously, with reports issued periodically. Monitoring activities are intended to provide direct input into forest management activities. The company also conducts High Conservation Value Forest (HCVF) assessment to determine any critical habitat for wildlife and help formulating management policies in biodiversity management, genetic resources, water conservation, riparian buffer zones , preservation preservation of sites and other specialized forest conservation activities.
PT. ED has identified areas of High Conservation Value Forest (HCVF) in collaboration with the Indonesia Resource Consortium which is a joint team of experts of landscaping, conservation, hydrology, soils, dendrology, social sciences, and wildlife. The study completed within October 2007. Result of the study have been integrated into certification requirements and have been reviewed by Smartwood in 2008 as a Forest Management Certification Body of FSC Version at the time.
Field observation and analysis of PT. Erna Djuliawati concession resulted two groups forest area as HCVF area and non HCVF categories. The study of HCVF area is considered potentially present rare or endanger species Orangutan (Pongo pigmaeus), Bekantan (Nasalis lavatus), and other vulnerable species such as Beruk (Macaca namestrina), Landak (Hystrix muelleri), and Macan Dahan (Novelis nebulosa). Therefore circumspection logging operation in the whole concession is required. In order to protect the habitat of the endangered and vulnerable animals mentioned above, logging operations are carried out under the principle of "carefullness logging operation".
The recommendations to implement circumspection forest management are as follows:
1) The operation plan should be based on HCVF principle, Reduced Impact Logging should be properly implemented.
2) All the identified HCVF areas should be managed based on carefulness operation to assure HCVF's existence with environmental, economic, and socio-cultural considerations.
3) Non HCVF areas management should be considered environmentally character so as to minimize degraded ecosystem existence.
The identified HCVF areas was already disseminated to employees and community so as implement carefully logging operation. Besides, Company has drawn HCVF management plan:
• Richness biodiversity and important ecosystem
• Watershed role and provides environmental service
• Identification of cultural function and local communities
B. Vegetation Analysis (ANVEG)
Vegetation analysis is the activity of collecting and processing data on all types of vegetation/plants, including undergrowth at an observation locationin Virgin forest or Logged Over Area (LOA) to determine the condition of the stands in terms of species, density, frequency and dominance.
Vegetation analysis activities are carried out in several forest area that represent conservation areas such as Seed Orchad, animal habitat enclaves, Germplasm Protection Areas (Kawasan Pelestarian Plasmanutfah/KPPN) and Genetic Resource Areas (Areal Sumberdaya Genetik/ASDG), customary forests, river banks, buffer zones, slopes steepness 40% and up area and conservation forests. The LOA is represented by several locations in the post logging area. Vegetation analysis activities are carried out to monitor the movement of forest regeneration after logging is carried out. In addition, vegetation analysis activities are carried out to monitor logging activities using the Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) system for the level of forest damage. These data can be compared with the condition of forests that have not been logged, namely in conservation areas.
Based on the results of analysis of vegetation in LOA and areas that were not logged for comparison, the average density and frequency per hectare were obtained for all species at the level of trees, saplings, seedlings and undergrowth. To make it easier to analyze the condition of the remaining stands / LOA, the Species Abundance Index (H'), Species Richness Index (Dmg) and Evenness Index (E) can be used, so that the condition of the remaining stands can be known whether they have recovered as before logging operation.
The Species Abundance Index will be maximized if all existing species have the same number of individuals so that the abundance is not perfect. And the Species Abundance Index will have a value of “0” if there is only one type in a sample plot. Species abundance is determined by the frequency, density and dominance of each species. The level of mastery of one species over another is determined based on the value of INP, volume of biomass, percentage of crown cover, number of individuals in a basal area and density. The frequency of a type indicates the distribution of a species in an area, the greater of the frequency indicates a more even distribution. The density of a species shows the number and number of species per unit area, if the greater of the density, the more individuals of that type in unit area. The dominance of a species shows the mastery of one species over another. If an area is dominated by certain species, then the area has low species diversity. The value of frequency, density and dominance of each plot.
Species Richness Index (SRI) tends to describe the stability of an ecosystem because the biomass cycle continues normally and naturally. The factors that influence the value of the SRI are the number of types of stands and the total number of all types of stands with an inverse ratio where the more types that make up a stand and the fewer the number of individuals that make up the stand, the richer of the type of stand will be. This relates to the stability of the ecosystem in maintaining the natural conditions of the constituent natural factors of the stand itself.
C. Wildlife Analysis (ANSAT)
Wildlife analysis is an activity of collecting and processing data on all types of animals at one observation location in the Virgin Forest and Log Over Area (LOA) area to determine the number of species and their diversity. Wildlife monitoring activities are carried out in several places as representatives of the conservation area, covers of Seed Orchad , Germplasm Protection Areas (KPPN) and Genetic Resource Areas (ASDG), animal habitat enclaves, customary forests, river banks, buffer zones, slopes up to 40% and protected forests. The LOA area is represented by several locations in the current post logged over areas. Wildlife monitoring activities are carried out to monitor the movement of wild animals in the whole working concession area, wether in the Conservation Area area and the LOA. Wildlife monitoring data contributes to provide a policy in which wildlife habitats have been disturbed by logging operations.
The number of wildlife species found in several locations in the consession area of PT. Erna Djuliawati is quite varied, where the highest number of wild animal species is found in the Wildlife Habitat Enclaves (Kantong Satwa), Customary Forests, Germplasm Protection Areas (KPPN) and Genetic Resource Areas (ASDG). These areas relatively intact natural conditions, lack of human disturbance and lots of available animal feed. The LOA has a number of species that are not much different from the Conservation Area location due to the rapid regeneration of the forest which is gradually regenerate turning to general forest conditions.
In order to find out the species and number of wildlife, observations were carried out using the grid path data collection method. Observations of wildlife that will be inventoried are sorted based on the size and nature of the species, namely primate species, mammal species, rodent species, reptile species, fish species and other specieses.
Wildlife found as a result of monitoring activities are identified by using literature (identification books, journals, internet and other books that support to wildlife species identification).
After obtaining the species name, all wildlife found are identified whether the animal is included to protected species according to CITES, IUCN and Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry (PermenLHK) Number P.106/MENLHK/KUM.1/12/2018 concerning the Second Amendment to PermenLHK No.20/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/6/2018 concerning Species of Protected Plants and Animals, so that the animals found can be identified as a not protected species, protected species, endemic species and rare species.
D. Security and Forest Protection
The company has developed a forest fire protection and control program that aims to minimize the risk of forest fires caused by human activities or natural occurence. Forest Protection activity increases during the dry season. The Forest and Land Fire Control Brigade Team (Brigdalkarhutla) was formed and professionally trained by the Authorities. The Brigdalkarhutla Core Team consists of 3 teams with a total of 15 people a team. The core team has carried out basic training on forest and land fire control in collaboration with Regional Manggala Agni, Central Kalimantan. These teams are equipped with fire fighting facilities and infrastructure such as personnel equipment, team equipment, hand tools, mechanical equipment, special fire fighting vehicles and communication equipment so that they can respond quickly and effectively to any fire situation.
One of the forest fire prevention activities carried out by the company is to provide information to the community around the forest about the dangers of forest fires. Warning signs are also installed along roads and public places to warn of the danger of forest fires.
To prepare for fire emergencies, water storage reservoirs (Embung air) are maintained throughout the concession area and regular area patrols are conducted to check fire risks. The company also monitors an early detection system available via the internet (website sipongi.menlhk.go.id), which identifies hotspots from remote sensing data and combines this information with regular ground patrols to predicted hotspot areas.