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The Research and Development program was established to meet the corporate needs of the company in its forestry businesses. In order to optimize wood requirements and natural growing conditions, the company has begun to explore the potential of a genetically improved seed base by using progeny test and species trials.
1. Nursery
The main purpose of developing a nursery is to prepare superior seedlings which will ultimately result in better crops. The company maintains both permanent and semi-permanent nurseries so that planting needs can be met directly by locally produced seedlings. The emphasis is on raising seedlings which are suitable for the majority of the planting area. The seedlings which are cultivated include local superior species which exhibit a fast growth rate.
Seeds and seedlings are collected from designated seed orchad areas and also from cutting matterials unit. PT. ED produced ± 320.000 seedlings per year.
2. Progeny Test
The company has established Progeny Trial using Shorea leprosula and Shorea parvifolia sourced from four different areas of Kalimantan : lower part Seruyan river (Central Kalimantan of PT. Sarpatim), lower part Rawan river (West Kalimantan of PT. Suka Jaya Makmur), upper part Katingan river (Central Kalimantan of PT. Sari Bumi Kusuma) and upper part Seruyan river (PT. Erna Djuliawati location).
Preliminary results of the progeny test indicated that seeds from working area of PT. ED perform better growth compared to seeds from other different areas of the companies.
The future step is trial the trees resulting from the best shoot cuttings and many tests that are still quite long under the guidance of Tree Breeding Experts to obtain Clone Gardens as a source of superior seeds to be planted in the working area of the company.
Chart 1. Diamater Increament (riap) of Shorea leprosula in Progeny Test 2008 - 2022
3. Species Trial
Species trial aim to evaluate the rate of growth of the different species. The company established species trials using 20 Dipterocarp specieses. From the initial results of the species trials five of the fastest growing species in diameter and height were selected; S. leprosula, S. parvifolia, S. platoclados, S. scaberima, S. Johoriensis and S. macrophila.
The Species trial see at Chart 2. Shorea macrophyla shows the species with the highest diameter increment (1.77 – 2.07 cm/year)
Chart 2. Species Trials, Shorea spp
4. Eroded Soil Observation
PT. ED has been monitoring soil erosion by measuring the rate of erosion in logged-over areas and the Bukit Beruang Protected Area as an observation control.
Observation of the soil erosion rate starting 2012 to 2022, the result was that the erosion rate in the RKT area which was being harvested longer, the erosion rate tended to decrease and achieved to a stable condition of 0.52 tons/ha/year compared to control observation in Bukit Beruang protected area with an erosion rate of 0.36 ton/ha/year, see Chart 3.
Chart 3. Erosion Rate in PT. ED's area from 2012 to 2022
5. Endanger Wildlife Monitor
The existence of a biodiversity of flora and abundance of wildlife indicates the level of stability of forest management in the working area of PT. ED. Based on wildlife analysis (Analisis Satwa) monitor from 2012 until 2022, population of endanger wildlife shows the stable existence, figured at the following Chart 4.
Note:
o Kelempiau (Hylobates muelleri) population tend to rise over time
o Orangutan (Pongo pigmaeus) population is almost stable but not abundant because the concession area is trajectory only.
Chart 4. Observation of Endemic species of Endanger Wildlife
6. Vegetative Observation
Based on the inventory of 2022, the tree species abundance index shown on the Chart 5, Biodiversity of tree species populations are very abundant in the concession.
Based on the latest vegetation analysis (Anveg) (2022), the result of vegetation analysis, it shows that the index of species diversity, species abundance and evenness of tree species in PT. ED can be checked in Chart 5.
The chart shows that the biodiversity, richness or population of species is very abundant and evenness species in the working area of PT. Erna Djuliawati is quite steady.
Chart 5. Biodiversity Tree Species in the Concession Area
7. Rainfall Monitoring
Based on the rainfall and rainy day monitoring from 2012 - 2022, PT. Erna Djuliawati included to A Type of Schmid & Ferguson Climate which is average annual rainfall more than 2.367 mm, it means an average rainfall of more than 100 mm/month and extremely weather occurred in 2020 and 2021 with the rainfall shown more tha 4.000 mm, see on the Chart 6.
Chart 6. Rainfall Recording
In order to continual improvement our capability in forest management, we welcome any positive advice and comment. Please use the 'Contacts' button below to send your message.